| 1941 |
|
Local Planning Administration,
by Ladislas Segoe, first of "Green Book" series, appears. Landmark
Publication History
of Planning Profession |
| 1941 |
|
Robert Walker's Planning Function
in Urban Government advocates making the planning staff an arm of
the city government rather than of a citizens planning board or commission. Landmark
Publication History
of Planning Profession |
| 1944 |
|
Bretton Woods (New Hampshire) Agreement.
The U.S. and allies meet to establish the International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (World Bank). Economic
Development |
| 1944 |
|
Serviceman's Readjustment Act ("G.I.
Bill"). Guaranteed loans for homes to veterans under favorable terms,
thereby accelerating the growth of suburbs. Housing
Landmark Laws |
| 1947 |
|
Housing and Home Financing Agency
(predecessor of HUD) created to coordinate federal government's various
housing programs. Housing
Landmark Laws |
| 1947 |
|
Construction of Park Forest, Illinois,
and Levittown, New York, begun. Planned
Communities |
| 1947 |
|
Secretary George C. Marshall uses
his Harvard College commencement address to propose the Marshall Plan for
the reconstruction of postwar Europe. Economic
Development Regional
Planning |
| 1947 |
|
Land Use in Central Boston, a classic
treatise by Walter Firey, challenges the claim of the regnant economic "highest
and best use" doctrine to be a sufficient explanation of the arrangement
of urban land uses. Landmark
Publication |
| 1947 |
|
Communitas, a classic text by Paul
and Percival Goodman, explores three community paradigms and their possible
expressions in phyical-spatial forms. Landmark
Publication Urban Design |
| 1949 |
|
Housing Act (Wagner-Ellender-Taft
Bill). First U.S. comprehensive housing legislation. Aimed to construct
about 800,000 units. Inaugurated urban redevelopment program. Housing
Landmark Laws |
| 1949 |
|
The National Trust for Historic
Preservation is created and chartered by Congress. Conservation
& Environment |
| 1950 |
|
Pittsburgh is the first major American city to demolish and reshape a large part of its downtown. The finished project, comprising parks, office buildings, and a sports arena, is called The Golden Triangle. Urban Design |
| 1954 |
|
In Berman v. Parker, U.S.
Supreme Court upholds right of Washington, D.C. Redevelopment Land Agency
to condemn properties that are unsightly, though non-deteriorated, if required
to achieve objectives of duly established area redevelopment plan. Landmark
Laws Conservation
& Environment |
| 1954 |
|
In Brown v. Board of Education
(Topeka, Kansas), Supreme Court upholds school integration. Landmark
Laws |
| 1954 |
|
Housing
Act of 1954. Stressed slum prevention and urban renewal rather than
slum clearance and urban redevelopment as in the 1949 act. Also stimulated
general planning for cities under 25,000 population by providing funds under
Section 701 of the act. "701 funding" later extended by legislative
amendments to foster statewide, interstate, and substate regional planning.
History
of Planning Profession Regional
Planning Landmark Laws |
| 1954 |
|
The Council of Government movement
(COGS) begins in the Detroit area with the formation of a Supervisors' Inter-County
Committee composed of the representatives of each county in southeastern
Michigan for the purpose of confronting areawide problems. It soon spreads
nationwide. Regional Planning |
| 1954 |
|
Urban Traffic: A Function of Land Use, by
Robert B. Mitchell and Chester Rapkin is published, a groundbreaking inquiry
into the forces that account for the land use structure of the modern metropolitan
region. Landmark Publication |
| 1955 |
|
The Air Pollution Control Act issues
a national wakeup call on the dangers of air pollution and grants $5 million
annually for five years of research on the problem. Later congressional
acts (1963, 1970, and 1990) will be concerned with types of pollution source,
standards, and deadlines. Landmark
Laws Conservation & Environment |
| 1956 |
|
Southdale Center Mall, the first fully covered shopping center with climate control, is built in Edina, Minnesota by Victor Gruen. Urban Design |
| 1956 |
|
Convened by Jose Luis Sert, some of America's foremost architects, city planners, social scientists, and public intellectuals gather at a conference at Harvard's Graduate School of Design to define urban design. Urban Design |
| 1956 |
|
Congress passes multibillion dollar
Federal Aid Highway Act to create interstate highway system linking all
state capitals and most cities of 50,000 population or more. Landmark
Laws Economic Development |
| 1957 |
|
Standard Industrial Classification,
encompassing both manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries, is
published by the Bureau of the Budget. Landmark
Publication |
| 1957 |
|
F. Stuart Chapin, Jr. publishes Urban
Land Use Planning, the first textbook on the subject. Landmark
Publication History
of Planning Profession |
| 1957 |
|
Education for Planning. A seminal, book-length
inquiry by Harvey S. Perloff into the "appropriate intellectual,
practical and 'philosophical' basis for the education of city and regional
planners ..." History
of Planning Profession
|
| 1958 |
|
The Seagram Building by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe is erected on New York's Park Avenue. Considered a masterpiece of the international "glass box" style, it is widely imitated and influences the appearance of many American cities. Urban Design |
| 1959 |
|
Construction of the nation's first outdoor pedestrian mall begins in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Urban Design |
| 1959 |
|
"A Multiple Land Use Classification
System" by Albert Guttenberg in the Journal of the American Institute
of Planners expands the land use concept by defining and classifying
it multi-dimensionally. Landmark
Publication |
| 1959 |
|
Congress establishes the Advisory
Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR), with members from various
branches of government. Serves primarily as a research agency and think
tank in area of intergovernmental relations. Landmark
Laws Regional Planning |
| 1959 |
|
The American Collegiate Schools of Planning
(ASCP) is born when a few
department heads of planning schools get together at the annual ASIP
conference to confer on common problems and interests regarding the
eductation of planners. History
of Planning Profession |
| 1959 |
|
The St. Lawrence Seaway is completed.
This joint U.S.-Canada project created, in effect, a fourth North American
seacoast, opening the American heartland to sea-going vessels. Economic
Development Regional
Planning |
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