|
| 1682 |
|
William Penn's design for Philadelphia is a rectangular grid with a central park and four smaller parks, one in each quadrant. |
| 1733 |
|
Founder James Oglethorpe's Savannah, Georgia, is a more complex gridiron with a main axis and interlinking gardens and squares. |
| 1868 |
|
Frederick Law Olmsted
and Calvert Vaux begin the planning of Riverside, Illinois, a planned suburban
community stressing rural as opposed to urban amenities. |
| 1880-84 |
|
Building of Pullman,
Illinois, model industrial town by George
Pullman. |
| 1898 |
|
Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to
Real Reform, by Ebenezer
Howard, a source of the Garden City Movement. Reissued in 1902 as Garden
Cities of Tomorrow. |
| 1903 |
|
Letchworth constructed. First English
Garden City and a stimulus to New Town movement in America (Greenbelt Towns,
Columbia, etc.). |
| 1917 |
|
Durham, California, an experimental cooperative
agricultural colony is established under the California State Land Settlement
Act of the same year. |
| 1923 |
|
Ground broken for construction of
Mariemont, Ohio, in suburban Cincinnati. Mary Emery was its founder and
benefactor; John Nolen, the planner. Some of its features (short blocks,
mixture of rental and owner-occupied housing) foreshadow the contemporary
New Urbanism movement. |
| 1924-28 |
|
Sunnyside Gardens, a planned neighborhood
designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, is built by City Housing Corporation
under Alexander Bing in Queens, New York. |
| 1928 |
|
Construction of Radburn,
New Jersey, begun. Planned community inspired by Howard's Garden City
concept and designed by Stein and Wright. A forerunner of the New Deal's
Greenbelt towns. |
| 1929 |
|
Clarence
Perry's monograph on the Neighborhood Unit is published in Volume VII
of The Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs. |
| 1935 |
|
Resettlement Administration established
under Rexford Tugwell, Roosevelt "braintruster," to carry out
experiments in land reform and population resettlement. This agency built
the three Greenbelt towns (Greenbelt, Maryland; Greendale,
Wisconsin; Greenhills, Ohio) forerunners of present day New Towns: Columbia,
Maryland; Reston, Virginia; etc.) |
| 1947 |
|
Construction of Park Forest, Illinois,
and Levittown, New York, begun. |
| 1962 |
|
The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors
establishes Virginia's first
residential planned community zone, clearing the way for the creation of
Reston, a full-scale, self-contained New Town 18 miles from Washington,
D.C. |
| 1963 |
|
Columbia,
Maryland, a new town situated about halfway between Washington and Baltimore,
featuring some class integration and the neighborhood principle. |
| 1984 |
|
Construction begins on Seaside,
Florida, one of the earliest examples of the New Urbanism. (Andres Duany
and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk). Unlike most earlier planned communities,
the New Urbanism emphasizes urban features — compactness, walkability,
mixed use — and promotes a nostalgic architectural style reminiscent
of the traditional urban neighborhood. The movement has links to the anti-sprawl,
smart growth movement. |
| |
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